33. Vue Router query和pamars

33.1 路由的 query 参数

1. 传递参数

<!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">跳转</router-link>
				
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的对象写法（推荐） -->
<router-link 
	:to="{
		path:'/home/message/detail',
		query:{
		   id: m.id,
       title: m.title
		}
	}">
    跳转
</router-link>

2. 接收参数

$route.query.id
$route.query.title

src/components/Banner.vue

<template>
	<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
		<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Banner'
	}
</script>

src/pages/About.vue

<template>
	<h2>我是About的内容</h2>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'About',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('About组件即将被销毁了')
		},*/
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('About组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.aboutRoute = this.$route
			window.aboutRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

src/router/index.js

// 该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入组件
import About from '../pages/About'
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

//创建并暴露一个路由器
export default new VueRouter({
	routes:[
		{
			path:'/about',
			component:About
		},
		{
			path:'/home',
			component:Home,
			children:[
				{
					path:'news',
					component:News,
				},
				{
					path:'message',
					component:Message,
					children:[
						{
							path:'detail',
							component:Detail,
						}
					]
				}
			]
		}
	]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
	<div>
		<ul>
			<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
				<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

				<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
				<router-link :to="{
					path:'/home/message/detail',
					query:{
						id:m.id,
						title:m.title
					}
				}">
					{{m.title}}
				</router-link>
			
			</li>
		</ul>
		<hr>
		<router-view></router-view>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Message',
		data() {
			return {
				messageList:[
					{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
					{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
					{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
				]
			}
		},
	}
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
	<ul>
		<li>消息编号：{{$route.query.id}}</li>
		<li>消息标题：{{$route.query.title}}</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Detail',
		mounted() {
			console.log(this.$route)
		},
	}
</script>

src/pages/News.vue

<template>
	<ul>
		<li>news001</li>
		<li>news002</li>
		<li>news003</li>
	</ul>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'News'
	}
</script>

src/pages/Home.vue

<template>
	<div>
		<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
		<div>
			<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
				</li>
				<li>
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
				</li>
			</ul>
			<router-view></router-view>
		</div>
	</div>
</template>

<script>
	export default {
		name:'Home',
		/* beforeDestroy() {
			console.log('Home组件即将被销毁了')
		}, */
		/* mounted() {
			console.log('Home组件挂载完毕了',this)
			window.homeRoute = this.$route
			window.homeRouter = this.$router
		},  */
	}
</script>

App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="row">
      <Banner/>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
        <div class="list-group">
					<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面的跳转 -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a> -->
          <!-- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->

					<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
					<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
          <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">Home</router-link>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-xs-6">
        <div class="panel">
          <div class="panel-body">
						<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
            <router-view></router-view>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
	import Banner from './components/Banner'
	export default {
		name:'App',
		components:{Banner}
	}
</script>

main.js

//引入Vue
import Vue from 'vue'
//引入App
import App from './App.vue'
//引入VueRouter
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
//引入路由器
import router from './router'

//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false
//应用插件
Vue.use(VueRouter)

//创建vm
new Vue({
	el:'#app',
	render: h => h(App),
	router:router
})

33.2 命名路由

命名路由：

1. 作用：可以简化路由的跳转

2. 如何使用

   • 给路由命名

     {
     	path:'/demo',
     	component:Demo,
     	children:[
     		{
     			path:'test',
     			component:Test,
     			children:[
     				{
                         // 给路由命名 💖💖💖
               			name:'hello' 
     					path:'welcome',
     					component:Hello,
     				}
     			]
     		}
     	]
     }
     

   • 简化跳转

     <!--简化前，需要写完整的路径 -->
     <router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>
     
     <!--简化后，直接通过名字跳转 -->
     // 💖💖💖
     <router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>
     
     <!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
     <router-link 
     	:to="{
     		name:'hello',
     		query:{
     		    id:666,
             title:'你好'
     		}
     	}"
     >跳转</router-link>
     

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
    routes:[
        {
            path:'/about',
            component:About
        },
        {
            path:'/home',
            component:Home,
            children:[
                {
                    path:'news',
                    component:News
                },
                {
                    path:'message',
                    component:Message,
                    children:[
                        {
                            name:'detail',	// name配置项为路由命名
                            path:'detail',
                            component:Detail
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
                <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

                <!-- 💖💖💖 -->
                <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
                <router-link :to="{
                    name:'detail',	//使用name进行跳转
                    query:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
            </li>
        </ul>
        <hr/>
        <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                    {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

33.3 路由的 params 参数

1. 配置路由，声明接收 params 参数

{
	path:'/home',
	component:Home,
	children:[
		{
			path:'news',
			component:News
		},
		{
			component:Message,
			children:[
				{
					name:'xiangqing',
                    // 💖💖💖
					path:'detail/:id/:title', 
					component:Detail
				}
			]
		}
	]
}

2. 传递参数

   特别注意：路由携带 params 参数时，若使用 to 对象写法，则不能使用 path 配置项，必须使用 name 配置 ！

<!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
				
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link 
	:to="{
		name:'xiangqing',
		params:{
		   id:666,
       title:'你好'
		}
	}"
>跳转</router-link>

3. 接收参数

$route.params.id
$route.params.title

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/about',
      component: About
    },
    {
      path: '/home',
      component: Home,
      children: [
        {
          path: 'news',
          component: News
        },
        {
          path: 'message',
          component: Message,
          children: [
            {
              name: 'xiangqing',
              // 使用占位符声明接收params参数
              path: 'detail/:id/:title',
              component: Detail
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">

        <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
        <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">
                    {{m.title}}
                </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp; -->

        <!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
        <router-link :to="{
                    name:'xiangqing',
                    params:{
                        id:m.id,
                        title:m.title
                    }
                }">
          {{m.title}}
        </router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
      </li>
    </ul>
    <hr />
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: 'News',
  data() {
    return {
      messageList: [
        { id: '001', title: '消息001' },
        { id: '002', title: '消息002' },
        { id: '003', title: '消息003' }
      ]
    }
  }
}
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
  <ul>
    <li>消息编号：{{ $route.params.id }}</li>
    <li>消息标题：{{ $route.params.title }}</li>
  </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Detail'
    }
</script>

33.4 路由的 props 配置

**props**作用：让路由组件更方便的收到参数

export default {
  name: 'xiangqing',
  path: 'detail/:id',
  component: Detail,

  // 💖💖💖
  //第一种写法：props值为对象，该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件
  // props:{a:900}

  //第二种写法：props值为布尔值，为true时，则把路由收到的所有params参数通过props传给Detail组件
  // props:true

  //第三种写法：props值为函数，该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件
  props({query}) {
    return {
      id: query.id,
      title: query.title
    }
  }
}

src/router/index.js

import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'

export default new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/about',
      component: About
    },
    {
      path: '/home',
      component: Home,
      children: [
        {
          path: 'news',
          component: News
        },
        {
          path: 'message',
          component: Message,
          children: [
            {
              name: 'xiangqing',
              path: 'detail/:id/:title',
              component: Detail,
              // props的第一种写法，值为对象，
              // 该对象中的所有key-value都会以props的形式传给Detail组件
              // props:{a:1,b:'hello'}

              // props的第二种写法，值为布尔值，
              // 若布尔值为真，会把该路由组件收到的所有params参数，以props的形式传给Detail组件
              // props:true

              // props的第三种写法，值为函数
               // 💖💖💖
              props(params) { // 这里可以使用解构赋值
                return {
                  id: params.id,
                  title: params.title,
                }
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})

src/pages/Message.vue

<template>
	<div>
    <ul>
      <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
        <router-link :to="{
                name:'xiangqing',
                params:{
                    id:m.id,
                    title:m.title
                }
         }">
          	{{m.title}}
  			</router-link>&nbsp;&nbsp;
  		</li>
  	</ul>
    <hr/>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'News',
        data(){
            return{
                messageList:[
                    {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
                    {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
                    {id:'003',title:'消息003'}
                ]
            }
        }
    }
</script>

src/pages/Detail.vue

<template>
    <ul>
        <li>消息编号：{{ id }}</li>
        <li>消息标题：{{ title }}</li>
    </ul>
</template>

<script>
    export default {
        name:'Detail',
        props:['id','title']
    }
</script>